11 April 2009

Morning at Lim Chu Kang

I head out early this morning, with the full moon still silver in the lightening sky and mists shrouding the farming areas. There was a delicate sunrise over the shores when I met up with Jinwen.
What special finds await us this morning in this 'lost' and seldom visited shore?

This stretch of mangroves has humungous mud lobster mounds. And the mounds seemed to have grown even bigger than I remembered.
The seldom seen mudlobsters (Thalassina sp.) and their mounds play a critical role in the mangroves. As a mudlobster eats-and-digs through the mud, it recycles nutrients and allows air and oxygenated water to penetrate the otherwise oxygen-poor ground. All this digging eventually results in a distinctive volcano-shaped mound.

A mudlobster mound is drier than its surroundings so it makes a perfect home for other animals. Many animals can be found in living in these 'high-rise' mounds. 'Condo' dwellers include crabs, ants, spiders, worms, clams, snakes, and shrimps. I was too busy looking at plants today and didn't look much at the mounds. But in the past, we found the Hairy foot mangrove spider (Idioctis littoralis) which makes a burrow in the mounds.

Some plants also appear to grow better on these mounds. And today I saw something that looks like a Dungun (Heritiera sp.) growing on the mound. Also growing in profusion on the mounds were Jeruju (Acanthus sp.), Piai or Mangrove ferns (Acrostichum sp.) and various small trees.

The mudlobster condominium comes complete with swimming pool! Water is trapped in the mound system forming pools which shelter aquatic animals at low tide. In the pools today were all kinds of little fishes, too fast for me to shoot.And this large flatworm. I'm not really sure what kind of flatworm it is, but here's more about flatworms in general and mangrove flatworms in particular.

There are many large and tall trees in Lim Chu Kang mangroves. Few young trees can grow in the shade of these large trees.But when the big trees die, the sun streams in, and all kinds of young trees take root! In this area where several large trees appear to have died, I saw lots of young Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba and Sonneratia alba. These young trees seem to be growing very vigorously, with fresh green leaves and sturdy branches.There was even this one Tumu (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) that continued to grow even though the trunk seemed to have snapped off at one point, a little branch grew in a U-shape from the side at the break point!

Meanwhile, the old dead trees are rapidly being chewed up by all kinds of animals. The trunks of some of the dead trees, however, were still upright. I saw this pair of lively Belongkeng snails (Ellobium sp.) on a dead tree. I'm not really sure what is going on.In fact, the snails today seemed rather sociable. There was even this Mangrove murex (Chicoreus capucinus) taking a ride on a larger Belongkeng snail.And everywhere on tree trunks and even young mangrove saplings, the Lined nerites (Nerita articulata) in their pin-striped suits were massed in conference.Also active were the Chut chut snails (Cerithidea obtusa).And little Cat's ear mangrove helmet snails (Cassidula aurisfelis).

The mangrove trees provide hiding places and food for all kinds of animals. There were lots of spiders everywhere. The Golden orb web spiders (Nephila sp.) were particularly noticeable with their huge webs strung out between plants.
And I came across this spider hiding among the mangrove leaves. I'm not sure what it is.

One of the reasons why Lim Chu Kang mangroves are a bit of a challenge to visit, is the tremendous load of trash that ends up there.Besides the usual plastic and styrofoam,there are huge stacks of wood. Some of which appear to be driftwood that have been deliberately stacked.
There are abandoned fishing nets in masses here and there.And Jinwen and I came across this net that was draped on a tree. It doesn't look abandoned, but seems to be have left out for a while.

The trash adds to the challenges that young mangrove trees have to cope with.
This particular young tree was 'felled' by a piece of wood.

The Lim Chu Kang mangroves lies next to the Police Coast Guard Lim Chu Kang base (the big blue jetty in the background), and a makeshift but busy jetty.By the time we ended our field trip, lorries were lined up against the makeshift jetty. On the road, there was a lorry with an ice-machine busy producing ice by the bucket.People with trolleys were wheeling stuff up and down the jetty. It seems to be a point of seafood delivery.

Despite these, the mangroves there are rich. We saw lots of mangrove trees and plants, and the Hoya diversifolia climber which is listed as 'Critically Endangered'. I hope eventually the mangroves at Lim Chu Kang can eventually gain some sort of care.

Tricky Bruguiera and Lim Chu Kang mangrove plants

What is this pale Bruguiera with sepals extended away from the 'fruit'? Something sexy like the rare Bruguiera sexangula?

Alas, probably not.While the calyx is pale (instead of bright red), the petals seem very much like those of the more common Tumu (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), which have tassels at the tips.Here's a closer look at the brown petals.
And another flower with a pale calyx. There were several of these pale B. gymnorrhiza at Lim Chu Kang.
As well as several with the more usual bright red calyx.
Next to the makeshift jetty was a stand of very healthy young Perepat (Sonneratia alba).
Although the trees were still not very tall, they were laden with fruits!And next to the Police Coast Guard jetty, a thicket of what seems to be mostly Api-api putih (Avicennia alba). They were growing under a huge tree which was festooned with orchids and other ferns.

Other trees in the mangroves included Xylocarpus granatum which were all blooming like those at Pulau Ubin, and many large trees of the more common Avicennia and Rhizophora species.
Although the high shore was strewn with rubbish, there were several bushes of Wild jasmine (Clerodendrum inerme) all bright with white whiskery flowers!
Jinwen pointed out that there were tiny ants everywhere on the plant. Indeed, the ants seemed quite attracted to the fresh blooms.

Together with the magnificent Hoya encounter, we sure saw some interesting mangrove plants during our short visit this morning.

Lim Chu Kang special: Hoya diversifolia

Pretty pink 'hello-kitty' flowers studded the mangrove mud.
Wow! The hoyas must be blooming!

(The photo is the result of gathering together the tiny fallen flowers. They didn't actually appear on the mud like this.)

I looked up, and saw the plants on the trees around us!There were lots of these vines, climbing up the tall trees. And they were full of flowering bunches.

I believe these are Hoya diversifolia, which is listed as 'Critically Endangered' in the Red List of threatened plants of Singapore. It's my first time seeing this plant!
Also called the Wax plant, these climbers have tough succulent leaves and beautiful wax-like flowers that appear in clusters. According to Hsuan keng, this beautiful climber used to "densely cover trees' in Jurong, Chua Chu Kang, Kranji and Serangoon.

Read more about our hoyas in "Heavenly Hoyas: An introduction to the species of Singapore and Malaysia" by Leong Lup San, with the fabulous photos or K. F. Yap in Nature Watch Vol 9 No 4 Oct-Dec 01.

References
  • Hsuan Keng, S.C. Chin and H. T. W. Tan. 1990, The Concise Flora of Singapore: Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Singapore University Press. 222 pp.
  • Davison, G.W. H. and P. K. L. Ng and Ho Hua Chew, 2008. The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened plants and animals of Singapore. Nature Society (Singapore). 285 pp.

10 April 2009

How to survive Pulau Ubin on a long weekend

Two words: go early. Well, maybe four words: go early, leave early.We arrived at Changi at 7am on this Good Friday holiday. There were still plenty of carpark lots (free parking on holidays) and so few people going early that we had to wait until about 7.30am before we got a full boat load to leave for Ubin.

And what a pleasant surprise! Pak Ali was serving the Special Ubin Lontong!
This 'Only on Ubin', and I thought 'Only on Sundays' is a special homemade dish of Lontong the Way it Ought to Be. Soft rice cakes (instead of the plasticky hard stuff we get on the mainland) with a delicious homemade soup of fresh ingredients and herbs. Fantastic first thing in the morning with kopi!
Well fed, we headed out to explore the mangroves of Pulau Ubin which were blooming like crazy today.Ubin is a great get-away, with kampung scenes and a laid back atmosphere. And we had a very pleasant quiet morning with hardly anyone else on the trail. Just a few hikers and very few bikers.

Another fantastic attraction of Ubin are the local fruits. The rambutans and just getting started! Pulau Ubin is also famous for its durians! And those were also getting started, with many trees just finished flowering and tiny little durians starting to grow. Soon, you can visit Pulau Ubin to enjoy these local specials!Another intriguing plant is the Chocolate tree! One large tree can be found near the Volunteer Hub. These trees produce the beans that are used to make our cocoa and chocolates!It was around 10.30am and we were already done with our little walkabout. In Ubin Town, things were still very quiet. Dogs could nap on the main road, and bicycles were all nicely laid out ready for rental.Things were starting to pick up, with the narrow road to the Town starting to get jammed up with visitors.One of the two sisters who run this eating house (which serves the best homemade food in Ubin) had just arrived with a bunch of supplies. She was just opening up so we couldn't have lunch there. The restaurant also has lots of fascinating photos of Ubin's history and flora and fauna on the walls. You must have a meal there if you are at Ubin.The tide was really high as we headed to the jetty.We stop by for another round of Pak Ali's specials. This time, the To Die For Nasi Lemak. I love the food at Pak Ali because it's simple, home made taste is something you can't get anymore on the mainland. The food is made and served with love.It's about 11.30 when we head back for the mainland, and the tide is REALLY high. The Rhino Rock is almost completely submerged, with only the tip of its horn above water.There were several pretty jellyfish in the water! This is probably Acromitus sp. which we often encounter in numbers at certain times of the year, and then none at all for some time. There big ones and small ones bobbing about in the water today. And easy to photograph as the tide was so high. Just as we were leaving, lots and LOTS of people started to arrive. Here's a bunch walking down the jetty towards Ubin.

And when we arrived at Changi at about noon ...There was a huge queue at Changi to go to Ubin.The line went around to the stairs,Up the stairs,And around the building! Wow.

If you start to go to Ubin later in the day, not only is the queue to go to Ubin a killer, the huge numbers of visitors at Ubin during long weekends means there is an equally long queue to go home at the end of the day.

Chay Hoon and I queued for more than an hour on our way home from our last trip to Ubin during Chinese New Year. We certainly learnt from that experience.

Ubin is a great place to enjoy a quiet day out in the countryside. It is still possible to enjoy a pleasant trip even during the long holidays. We should just go early, and leave early.

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